Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Income Taxes

v3.19.3.a.u2
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Note 10 - Income Taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes is summarized below:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
Nine Months Ended December 31,
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands
2019
 
 
2019
 
2018
United States
$
(3,342
)
 
 
$
16,785

 
$
(145,954
)
Foreign
20,946

 
 
(106,377
)
 
(11,947
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
$
17,604

 
 
$
(89,592
)
 
$
(157,901
)

Income tax expense
Income tax expense (benefit) is summarized as follows:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
Nine Months Ended December 31,
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands
2019
 
 
2019
 
2018
Federal
$
(2,503
)
 
 
$
(364
)
 
$
(14
)
State
136

 
 
50

 
229

Foreign
7,557

 
 
2,655

 
8,010

Total current tax expense
5,190

 
 
2,341

 
8,225

Federal
5,163

 
 

 

State
635

 
 

 

Foreign
107

 
 
(1,685
)
 
(429
)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)
5,905

 
 
(1,685
)
 
(429
)
Total income tax expense
$
11,095

 
 
$
656

 
$
7,796

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective tax rate
63.0
%
 
 
(0.7
)%
 
(4.9
)%

Effective tax rate
The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the amount that would be computed by applying the U.S federal income tax rate of 21% to pre-tax income as a result of the following:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
Nine Months Ended December 31,
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Year Ended 
 December 31,
 
2019
 
 
2019
 
2018
Dollars in thousands
Amount
 
% of Pre-Tax
Income
 
 
Amount
 
% of Pre-Tax
Income
 
Amount
 
% of Pre-Tax
Income
Income tax expense (benefit) at U.S. statutory rate
$
3,696

 
21.0
 %
 
 
$
(18,814
)
 
21.0
 %
 
$
(33,160
)
 
21.0
 %
Foreign taxes
565

 
3.2
 %
 
 
1,809

 
(2.0
)%
 
7,321

 
(4.6
)%
Tax effect different from statutory rates
472

 
2.7
 %
 
 
11,125

 
(12.4
)%
 
(68
)
 
 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit
305

 
1.7
 %
 
 
5,036

 
(5.6
)%
 
(2,552
)
 
1.6
 %
Change in valuation allowance
3,706

 
21.1
 %
 
 
(98,856
)
 
110.3
 %
 
28,353

 
(18.0
)%
Uncertain tax positions
(2,056
)
 
(11.7
)%
 
 
(940
)
 
1.1
 %
 
(221
)
 
0.1
 %
Permanent differences
421

 
2.4
 %
 
 
20,543

 
(22.9
)%
 
8,008

 
(5.1
)%
Prior year adjustments
(331
)
 
(1.9
)%
 
 
4,535

 
(5.1
)%
 
50

 
 %
Expiration/write-off of deferred tax assets
4,217

 
23.9
 %
 
 
76,034

 
(84.9
)%
 

 
 %
Other
100

 
0.6
 %
 
 
184

 
(0.2
)%
 
65

 
0.1
 %
Income tax expense
$
11,095

 
63.0
 %
 
 
$
656

 
(0.7
)%
 
$
7,796

 
(4.9
)%

Supplemental cash flow information related to income taxes paid (net of refunds) are as follow:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
Nine Months Ended December 31,
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands
2019
 
 
2019
 
2018
Income taxes paid (net of refunds)
$
8,161

 
 
$
1,421

 
$
7,373


Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities consisted of:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands
2019
 
 
2018
Federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards
$
39,636

 
 
$
109,002

State NOL carryforwards
5,165

 
 
13,168

Property, plant, and equipment
8,458

 
 

Excess interest

 
 
6,230

Other state deferred tax asset, net
1,149

 
 
1,201

Foreign tax credits

 
 
46,913

FIN 48
126

 
 
887

Foreign tax
45,026

 
 
40,190

Accruals not currently deductible for tax purposes
1,990

 
 
3,119

Deferred compensation
1,107

 
 
816

Other
377

 
 
1,297

Total deferred tax assets
103,034

 
 
222,823

Valuation allowance
(91,117
)
 
 
(186,267
)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
11,917

 
 
36,556

Property, plant, and equipment
(9,353
)
 
 
(28,440
)
Foreign taxes
(942
)
 
 
(510
)
Other state deferred tax liability, net
(2,236
)
 
 
(5,096
)
Intangibles
(1,972
)
 
 
(877
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(14,503
)
 
 
(34,923
)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
$
(2,586
)
 
 
$
1,633


As part of the process of preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to determine its provision for income taxes. This process involves measuring temporary and permanent differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences and the NOL and tax credit carryforwards result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income of appropriate character in each taxing jurisdiction during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the weight of available evidence, both positive and negative, including the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carryback and carryforward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. To the extent the Company believes that it does not meet the test that recovery is more likely than not, it establishes a valuation allowance. To the extent that the Company establishes a valuation allowance or changes this allowance in a period, it adjusts the tax provision or tax benefit in the consolidated statement of operations. We use our judgment in determining provisions or benefits for income taxes, and any valuation allowance recorded against previously established deferred tax assets. We have measured the value of our deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2019 based on the cumulative weight of positive and negative evidence that exists as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Should the cumulative weight of all available positive and negative evidence change in the forecast period, the expectation of realization of deferred tax assets existing as of December 31, 2019 and prospectively may change.
The Company has evaluated the impact of the reorganization, described in Note 2 - Chapter 11 Emergence, including the change in control, resulting from its emergence from bankruptcy. The Company estimates that the Successor Company will fully absorb the cancellation of debt income (“COD”) income, approximately $191.8 million, realized by the Predecessor in connection with the reorganization with its net operating losses and capital losses. The remaining NOL carryforward is limited under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) section 382 due to the change in control annual limitation, estimated to be $6.9 million for U.S. tax purposes. The deferred tax assets associated with foreign tax credits, NOL and capital loss carryforwards (federal and state) expected to expire due to section 382 annual limitations was written off as of December 31, 2019, and the remaining federal NOL balance at December 31, 2019 is $170.6 million. It is more likely than not that the Successor will not realize future income tax benefits related to its remaining U.S. net deferred tax asset based on historical results and expected market conditions known on the date of
measurement, and the Company has therefore maintained a full valuation allowance against the remaining U.S. net deferred tax asset. This is periodically reassessed and could change in the future.
In our valuation allowance, there was an increase of $3.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2019, primarily related to incremental U.S. and certain foreign net operating losses and other deferred tax assets. There was a decrease of $98.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily related to the utilization of NOL carryforwards to absorb COD income and the write-off of NOLs due to the Section 382 annual limitation (which required a corresponding reduction to the valuation allowance). In our valuation allowance there was an increase of $28.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily related to U.S. and certain foreign net operating losses and other deferred tax assets.
As of December 31, 2019, the Company has permanently reinvested accumulated undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and, therefore, has not recorded a deferred tax liability related to subject earnings. Upon distribution of additional earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, we could be subject to income taxes and withholding taxes. It is not practicable to determine precisely the amount of taxes that may be payable on the eventual remittance of these earnings due to many factors, including application of foreign tax credits, levels of accumulated earnings and profits at the time of remittance, and the sources of earnings remitted. The Company generally does not provide for taxes related to its undistributed earnings because such earnings either would not be taxable when remitted or they are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. Taxes that would be incurred if the undistributed earnings of other subsidiaries were distributed to their ultimate parent company would not be material.    
Uncertain tax positions
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Dollars in thousands
 
Balance at January 1, 2019 (Predecessor)
$
(5,728
)
Additions based on tax position taken during a prior period
(148
)
Additions based on tax positions taken during the current period
(158
)
Reductions related to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations
1,141

Balance at March 31, 2019 (Predecessor)
(4,893
)
 
 
 
 
Additions based on tax positions taken during a prior period
(252
)
Additions based on tax positions taken during the current period
(492
)
Reductions based on tax positions taken during a prior period
9

Reductions related to settlement of tax matters
310

Reductions related to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations
1,668

Balance at December 31, 2019 (Successor)
$
(3,650
)

In many cases, our uncertain tax positions are related to tax years that remain subject to examination by tax authorities. The following describes the open tax years, by major tax jurisdiction, as of December 31, 2019:
Canada
2016-present
Kazakhstan
2008-present
Mexico
2015-present
Russia
2015-present
United States — Federal
2008-present
United Kingdom
2017-present

We apply the accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. This guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Our liability for unrecognized tax benefits is primarily related to foreign operations, (all of which, if recognized, would favorably impact our effective tax rate). Unrecognized tax benefits and accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions was as follows:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
Dollars in thousands
December 31,
2019
 
 
December 31,
2018
Liability for unrecognized tax benefits (1)
$
3,650

 
 
$
5,728

Accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions
$
600

 
 
$
833

Penalties related to uncertain tax positions
$
791

 
 
$
1,273


(1)
Our effective tax rate would be favorably impacted if the liability for unrecognized tax benefits is recognized.